In the United States, former Wisconsin judge Hannah Dugan was spared prison after being convicted of obstructing the arrest of a Mexican immigrant by ICE. The decision puts Dugan, federal immigration authorities, immigrants in detention proceedings, and the judiciary in the same dispute over institutional authority.

A prison-free sentence emphasizes proportional punishment and judicial discretion, while a harsher penalty would signal accountability for obstructing federal enforcement. The federal court's decision leaves Dugan without a prison term.